PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS: A THREAT TO THE CLEAN OCEAN. Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS) have been produced for more than seven decades and widely used in the most diverse areas, from food packaging, textile industry, aqueous film-forming foam to pesticides and surfactants. However, the characteristics that allow the wide range of applications also bring environmental concerns due to their persistence and toxic effects. Although the ocean might be the final destination of PFAS, in Brazil few studies have been carried out about PFAS and there are many gaps regarding their environmental occurrence, sources and distribution. Therefore, this article presents a review of the production, use, behavior in the environment, legislation, the occurrence of classic PFAS in the Brazilian marine environment, as well as perceptions about their fluorinated substitutes. COMPOUNDS OCEAN Per (PFAS areas packaging industry filmforming film forming surfactants However effects distribution Therefore production use environment legislation substitutes

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBP-A) are flame retardant widely used in plastics, textiles, furniture, consumer electronics, automobiles, among others.They are important components added to retard the spread of flame and, thus,mitigate deaths and destruction caused by fires. However, environmental studies conducted in several places show that these compounds exhibit toxic effects. In addition, some are resistant to degradation, persistant in the environment, bioaccumulate and biomagnify in biota, which have worried the scientific community and government agencies. Therefore, production and use of some brominated flame retardants is being restricted and / or prohibited in many countries and some have recently been listed in the Annexs of Stockholm Convention as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Thus, a review of their use, production, legislation and environmental occurrence is presented, as well as a brief introduction to the new generation of flame retardants.

Este estudo se refere à validação do Atlas de Localização de respostas e da Lista de Qualidade Formal de respostas e conteúdos, FQ, do Rorschach-SC de uma amostra brasileira. Foram selecionados, 46 adultos não-pacientes psiquiátricos, de ambos os sexos, níveis sociais e escolaridade diversos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o SRQ-20 e o Método de Rorschach. As respostas ao Rorschach foram codificadas segundo as áreas e a lista de qualidade formal norte-americanas e brasileiras. As análises comparativas realizadas por meio da ANOVA não encontraram diferenças entre os dois grupos, no que diz respeito às áreas de localização, W, D, Dd nas áreas brasileiras e norte-americanas, comprovando-se a validade das áreas brasileiras. Não foram também encontradas diferenças quanto à qualidade formal FQo e X+%, nas listas brasileiras e norte-americanas, comprovando-se a validade da lista brasileira para essas duas variáveis. Os resultados indicam validade para o atlas brasileiro.

This study aimed at validating the Atlas Rorschach-CS Location Areas and Formal Quality List from a Brazilian sample. 46 adults, non-patients psychiatric cases, both genders and different educational levels and social status were selected. The instruments used were the SRQ-20 and the Rorschach method. The Rorschach responses were scoredaccording to the areas and the North-American and Brazilian Lists of formal quality . The comparative analyzes performed by ANOVA did not established differences between the two groups regarding the Location Areas W, D, Dd in both North-American and Brazilian areas, proving the validity of the Brazilian areas. Differences were not found as regarding the Formal Quality FQo and X+% both using the North-American and Brazilian lists, proving the validity of the Brazilian list for these two variables.. The results indicate validity to the Brazilian Atlas.

Este estudio se refiere a la validación del Atlas de Localización de respuestas y de la Lista de Calidad Formal de respuestas y contenidos, FQ, del Rorschach-SC de una muestra brasileña. Fueron seleccionados, 46 adultos no-pacientes psiquiátricos, de ambos sexos, niveles sociales y de escolaridad diversos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el SRQ-20 y el Método de Rorschach. Las respuestas al Rorschach fueron codificadas según las áreas y la lista de calidad formal norteamericanas y brasileñas. Los análisis comparativos realizados, por medio de la ANOVA, no encontraron diferencias entre los dos grupos en lo que respecta a las áreas de localización, W, D, Dd en las áreas brasileñas y norteamericanas, comprobando la validez de las áreas brasileñas. No fueron también encontradas diferencias cuanto a la calidad formal FQo y X+%, en las listas brasileñas y norteamericanas, comprobando la validez de la lista brasileña para esas dos variables. Los resultados indicaron validez para el atlas brasileño.